Oral cancer is a severe and potentially life-threatening disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It develops in the squamous cells found in your mouth, tongue, and lips. Independent studies state that oral cancer is the most common cancer type among men and the third most common among women in India.
Early detection and understanding of the causes, symptoms, and risk factors are essential for effective prevention and treatment. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of oral cancer to raise awareness and promote early detection.
Types of Oral Cancers
Oral cancers include cancers of the:
- Lips
- Tongue
- The inner lining of the cheek
- Gums
- Hard & soft palate
Getting dental checkups at regular intervals is crucial to avoid oral cancer symptoms. It enables the dentist to notice signs at the earliest stage. Before discussing the signs and symptoms of oral cancer, let’s first understand the risk factors for developing oral cancer.
Causes of Oral Cancer
Independent studies state that men are likely more vulnerable to getting oral cancer than women. Apart from tobacco consumption, there are many risk factors that contribute to developing oral cancer.
The following are some risk factors that cause oral cancer:
- Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption
One of the leading causes of oral cancer is the use of tobacco products, including cigarettes, cigars, and chewing tobacco. Excessive alcohol consumption, especially when combined with tobacco use, significantly increases the risk of developing oral cancer.
- HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
Certain strains of HPV, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, have been linked to an increased risk of oral cancer. HPV-related oral cancers often occur at the back of the throat, making early detection crucial.
- Sun Exposure
Prolonged and unprotected exposure to sunlight can increase the risk of lip cancer, especially in individuals with fair skin.
- Family History
Having a family history of oral cancer is a risk factor. Doctors state that some gene mutations (linked to cancer of the mouth or throat) can pass down from parents to children. However, most cases of oral cancer are not inherited.
What Are The Symptoms of Oral Cancer?
Here are some of the common oral cancer symptoms:
- Persistent Mouth Sores
The development of white or red patches in the mouth that do not heal can be an early sign of oral cancer.
- Lumps or Thickening in the Mouth
Unexplained lumps or thickening in the lips, gums, or other areas of the mouth should be examined by a healthcare professional.
- Difficulty Swallowing or Speaking
Oral cancer can cause pain or difficulty when swallowing, speaking, or moving the tongue or jaw.
- Chronic Sore Throat or Hoarseness
If a sore throat or hoarseness persists for an extended period, it may be a symptom of oral cancer.
Unexplained Weight Loss
Unintentional weight loss can sometimes be associated with advanced oral cancer.
What Are The Best Treatment For Oral Cancer?
The oral cancer treatment varies on the type, location, and stage of cancer at diagnosis. The doctor is the best person to explain all of these treatment options in detail.
Following are the types of oral cancer surgery available in India:
- Surgery
It involves surgery to remove the tumour and cancerous lymph nodes. This treatment option is recommended for the early stages of oral cancer.
- Radiation Therapy
Under this treatment option, doctors aim radiation beams at the tumour once or twice a day for two to eight weeks. It is recommended basically for advanced-stage oral cancer.
- Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves medications, either orally or through intravenous (IV) lines, to kill cancer cells. This procedure is basically recommended with radiation therapy for advanced-stage oral cancer.
- Targeted Therapy
Targeted Therapy drugs bind to specific proteins in cancer cells, interfering with their growth.
Prevention and Early Detection
- Avoid Tobacco and Limit Alcohol Consumption
The most effective way to reduce the risk of oral cancer is to avoid tobacco products altogether and drink alcohol in moderation or not at all.
- Practice Safe Sun Exposure
When spending time outdoors, particularly in sunny environments, protect your lips from excessive sun exposure by using lip balms with SPF and wearing wide-brimmed hats.
- Regular Dental Checkups
Routine dental checkups can help in the early detection of oral cancer. Dentists often conduct oral cancer screenings as part of their examinations.
- Vaccination
Getting vaccinated against HPV can reduce the risk of HPV-related oral cancers.
The sooner you adapt these practices, the lesser the chances of developing oral cancer. Besides adopting these practices, regularly check your lips and mouth for any unusual changes. If you notice something concerning, make an appointment with your dentist right away.
To Conclude
Oral cancer is a serious and potentially deadly disease, but with awareness of its causes, symptoms, and risk factors, individuals can take steps to reduce their risk and seek early medical attention if any concerning symptoms arise.
Regular dental checkups, a healthy lifestyle, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use are key factors in preventing oral cancer or catching it in its early and treatable stages.
Remember that early detection can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and recovery.
FAQ
1.What is oral cancer, and where does it occur in the body?
Oral cancer is a type of cancer that can affect the mouth and areas such as the lips, tongue, gums, cheeks, and the back of the throat.
2.What are the main causes of oral cancer?
Oral cancer is primarily linked to tobacco use (smoking and smokeless tobacco), excessive alcohol consumption, and the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
3.What are the common symptoms of oral cancer?
Symptoms may include persistent mouth sores, unexplained bleeding, numbness or pain in the mouth or lips, difficulty swallowing, and changes in the voice or hoarseness.
4.How is oral cancer diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, a biopsy, and potentially imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans.
5.Can non-smokers and non-drinkers get oral cancer?
Yes, while tobacco and alcohol are significant risk factors, oral cancer can also affect non-smokers and non-drinkers, especially due to HPV infection.